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Both British and American varieties are covered. The words included cover not only ordinary and technical vocabulary, but also proper names, placenames, family names, personal names, names from literature and mythology and names of companies and commercial products. Short usage notes throughout the dictionary draw attention to possible pitfalls and to aspects of pronunciation which often present problems for learners of the language. In the introduction, the author discusses the general features of spoken English and discusses trends in speech. The findings are discussed with reference to whether and how a less or more fine-grained scoring method should be adopted in rating lexical learning.The "Longman Pronunciation Dictionary" is designed to reflect English as it is spoken. Data analyses revealed that the use of differently fine-grained scoring methods did not necessarily affect learners’ cross-task lexical learning effects significantly, but it did make a significant difference in measuring individual learners’ lexical learning gain. The present study employed differently fine-grained word rating methods to assess three Chinese EFL learner groups’ performances on four vocabulary posttests after receiving three treatment tasks: a written output task, an oral output task, and a reading task. Few studies have investigated this potential difference and even fewer if both productive and receptive lexical learning are considered. However, it is not clear whether counting partial word learning makes a difference in capturing task-based and intra-learner lexical learning gain. counted both partial and complete word learning) or have only counted complete word learning. Existing studies have either counted partial word learning (i.e.

L2 Lexical Learning, Multiple Rating Methods, Cross-Task Lexical Learning, Intra-Learner Lexical Learning Gain, Experimental StudyĪBSTRACT: In assessing L2 lexical learning, especially initial learning, researchers always face the problem of whether partial word learning should be counted. London: Longman Group UK Limited.Įffect of Fine-Grained Lexical Rating on L2 Learners’ Lexical Learning Gain